fbpx
News Articles

FIRST-PERSON: Takeaways from Pew’s Religious Landscape Survey


NASHVILLE (BP) — Christianity is not dying, as I’ve often said; nominal Christianity is.

Pew Research Center released a report yesterday (May 12) drawing a variety of headlines — everything from “Christianity faces sharp decline as Americans are becoming even less affiliated with religion” to “Pew: Evangelicals Stay Strong as Christianity Crumbles in America.”

So what are we supposed to think of Christianity in America?

The big trends are clear: The nominals are becoming the nones, yet the convictional are remaining committed.

In other words, Americans whose Christianity was nominal — in name only — are casting aside the name. They are now aligning publicly with what they’ve actually not believed all along.

The percentage of convictional Christians remains rather steady, but because the nominal Christians now are unaffiliated, the overall percentage of self-identified Christians is in decline. This overall decline is what Pew shows — and I expect it to accelerate.

Not one serious researcher thinks Christianity in America is dying. What we see from the Pew Religious Landscape Survey is not the death-knell of Christianity, but another indication that Christianity in America is being refined.

As such, let me share three takeaways from the data.

1. Convictional Christianity is rather steady.

Evangelicals are not the only people who call themselves Christians and a good proportion take it seriously, but since this is an evangelical publication, let me share some data from there with one caveat. You might say that I have a vested interested in evangelicalism’s success. However, as an author, the opposite is true. If I announced the death of evangelicalism and Christian faith, I’d sell a lot more books, I assure you.

But facts are our friends and math is math, so let’s take a look.

First, from 2007 to 2014 the number of evangelicals in America rose from 59.8 million to 62.2 million. Evangelicals now make up a clear majority (55 percent) of all U.S. Protestants (in 2007, 51 percent of U.S. Protestants identified with evangelical churches).

Within Christianity, the only group retaining more of their population than the evangelical church is the historically black church.

One of the primary reasons it appears as though “American Christianity” is experiencing a sharp decline is because the nominals who once made up (disproportionately) Mainline Protestantism and Catholicism are now checking “none” on religious affiliation surveys, and this is why their numbers continue to sharply decline.

For those who have only ever considered themselves “Christian” because they’ve been to church before or because they aren’t Muslim or Hindu, it is starting to make more sense to check “none” on religious identification surveys.

Yet, church attendance rates (though overreported) are not changing substantially.

2. There have been significant shifts within American Christianity

One of the most notable shifts in American Christianity is the evangelicalization of the church. Fifty percent of all Christians — who comprise 70 percent of the U.S. population — now self-identify as “evangelical” or “born again,” up from 44 percent in 2007.

Pew notes, “The evangelical Protestant tradition is the only major Christian group in the survey that has gained more members than it has lost through religious switching.”

It should be noted that evangelicals’ share of the overall U.S. population dropped by 0.9 percent over the last seven years, but the percentage of U.S. adults who self-identify as evangelical actually rose from 34 percent to 35 percent over the same period. The drop in population share is based on denominational affiliation, whereas the 1 percent increase is based on self-identification.

The percentage Millennial evangelicals remained the same — 21 percent from 2007-14. The only decline was among the Greatest Generation (28-25 percent), who, because of their age, are not a growth demographic. Every other one stayed the same as well.

Only 45 percent of those raised in the Mainline Protestant tradition remain in Mainline churches. Sixty-five percent of those raised evangelical remain evangelical, behind only Hindu, Muslim, Jewish and historically Black Protestant. Sixteen percent switched to another version of Christianity, 3 percent switched to another faith and 15 percent became unaffiliated.

The only region where evangelicals decreased was the South, from 37 percent to 34 percent. It remained the same in the Northeast and Midwest, and grew in the West, from 20 percent to 22 percent.

That’s not to say that evangelicalism is doing well — it peaked a couple of decades ago in the United States — but one of the big shifts inside Christianity is toward evangelicalism, oddly enough. Yet, in the culture as a whole, and as a percentage of the population, evangelicalism is losing ground.

3. Mainline Protestantism continues to hemorrhage.

Only 45 percent of those raised in the Mainline Protestant tradition remain in Mainline churches. Those whose parents and grandparents were mainline Protestants aren’t carrying on the family tradition like those who align with other Protestant denominations. Since members of these churches are not gaining new members from the culture at large, nor growing by birth rates, they continue to decline precipitously.

Mainline Protestantism isn’t experiencing growth as a portion of Americans generally nor American Christianity specifically. If Mainline Protestantism continues its trajectory it is only a couple of generations from virtual extinction.

But Christianity, overall, isn’t dying and no research says it is; the statistics about Christians in America are simply starting to show a clearer picture of what American Christianity is becoming — less nominal, more defined and more outside the mainstream of American culture.

For example, the cultural cost of calling yourself “Christian” is starting to outweigh the cultural benefit, so those who do not identify as a “Christian” according to their convictions are starting to identify as “nones” because it’s more culturally savvy.

Because of this, the statistics show (on the surface) that Christianity in America is experiencing a sharp decline. However, that’s the path of those who don’t read beyond the surface. If there remains a relatively stable church — an engaged, convictional minority — and there is a big movement on self-identification, that means that the middle is going away.

In short, as I put it, the “nominals” are becoming the “nones” and convictional Christian practice is a minority, but generally stable, population. If that is the case, and that is what the data is showing, than the decline is primarily (not exclusively) that nominal Christians are becoming honest reporters.

So, Christians, we need not run around with our hands in the air and say, “The sky is falling! The sky is falling!”

Christianity is losing — and will continue to lose — its home field advantage; no one can (or should) deny this. However, the numerical decline of self-identified American Christianity is more of a purifying bloodletting than it is an arrow to the heart of the church.

    About the Author

  • Ed Stetzer